Preheat the oven. Preheat the oven to 425°F. Pat the beef tenderloin pieces thoroughly dry with paper towels.
Season the beef. Place the tenderloin bites in a bowl and toss with olive oil, salt, black pepper, garlic powder, rosemary, and thyme until evenly coated.
Sear the tenderloin. Heat a large oven-safe skillet over medium-high to high heat. Add 1 tablespoon butter. Once hot, arrange the beef in a single layer without crowding the pan.
Brown the bites. Sear for about 1–2 minutes per side, just until a deep golden crust forms. Work in batches if your skillet is not large enough.
Finish in the oven. Return all the beef to the oven-safe skillet and roast for about 3–5 minutes, depending on the size of the pieces and your preferred doneness. Check early with an instant-read thermometer to avoid overcooking.
Rest the beef. Transfer the tenderloin bites to a plate and loosely cover them. Let them rest for about 5 minutes.
Make the butter sauce. Place the skillet over low heat. Add the remaining 3 tablespoons butter and minced garlic. Cook for 30–60 seconds, stirring constantly, until the garlic is fragrant but not browned.
Finish and serve. Remove the skillet from the heat and stir in parsley and lemon juice, if using. Return the rested beef bites and any accumulated juices to the skillet, tossing gently in the warm herb butter sauce. Serve immediately.